Search
Close this search box.

The Umayyad Dynasty

All About Islam

The Umayyad dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 661 to 750 CE. The dynasty was founded by Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, a prominent figure in the early Islamic period who was the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphs.


Israel Archaeological Seven Day Tour - Jericho - Hisham's Palace 2
The Ruins of Hisham’s Palace Dated to the Ummayyds

The Umayyads established their capital in Damascus, Syria, and their rule is often called the Umayyad Caliphate. Under the Umayyad dynasty, the Islamic Caliphate expanded rapidly, conquering vast territories in the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain.

Rockefeller Archaelogical Museum
Archaeological Finds From Hisham’s Palace, On Display at the Rockefeller Museum.
Credit: Ricardo Tulio Gandelman from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Umayyads were known for their solid military prowess and effective administration, which allowed them to maintain a stable and prosperous empire for several decades. One of the most notable achievements of the Umayyad dynasty was in the field of architecture.


Davidson Center Archaeological Park
The Ruins of the Umayyad Palaces in Jerusalem, Davidson Archeological Park.

They built impressive structures and monuments, including Khirbet el-Minya, the Great Mosque of Damascus, considered one of the world’s oldest and most impressive mosques. And, of course, the Golden Dome on Temple Mt., one of the oldest Muslim structures to this day.


Jerusalem Travel Guided Golden Dome
The Golden Dome on Temple Mt. Built By Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

The Umayyads also built palaces, public baths, and other public works that were admired for their beauty and functionality. The Umayyads were also patrons of the arts and literature, and during their reign, Islamic culture flourished. They promoted the study of science, medicine, and philosophy and encouraged the translation of ancient Greek and Roman texts into Arabic.

Al-Aqsa Mosque
Al Aqsa Mosque

The Umayyads also developed a unique Islamic art and architecture style characterized by intricate geometric patterns, calligraphy, and arabesques. Despite their many achievements, the Umayyad dynasty was also marked by internal divisions and conflicts.

The Umayyad Dynasty and Israel

The Umayyad Dynasty was the first to refer to the Land of Israel as a province. Mu’awiya was crowned in Jerusalem, and they swore allegiance to him there. The Land of Israel was called Jund (district) Falastine. Furthermore, Jericho was restored and became a winter city, and Hisham’s palace was built there; Ramla, on the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, was also established as a new city and became the district’s capital.


Wall Architectural Decoration From Khirbat Al-Minya, Israel, 705-715 CE. Pergamon Museum
Credit: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Furthermore, some criticized the Umayyads for their lavish lifestyle and their tendency to favor Arab tribes over other groups. This led to resentment among non-Arab Muslims and contributed to the rise of the Abbasid dynasty, which eventually overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE.

In conclusion, the Umayyad dynasty was a significant period in Islamic history, characterized by impressive military conquests, remarkable architectural achievements, and a flourishing culture and learning. Despite their eventual downfall, the Umayyads left a lasting legacy that continues to influence Islamic culture and art today.

arik-about

Hi! My name is Arik, an Israeli native who dedicated his life to sharing my passion for the Holy Land with those interested in knowing more about this incredible piece of land. I’m the Chief Guide at ‘APT Private Tours in Israel’.

Did you know the Hoopoe is Israel's national bird?! For more cool info about Israel, join our ever growing community and get exclusive travel tips, and giveaways!

Simon Peter

RELATED POSTS

County of Edessa

Let's journey back in time to explore the rich history and unique characteristics of the County of Edessa. The first crusader state!

Natufian Culture

The Natufian culture is a pivotal chapter in human civilization during the Neolithic period. Join me as we uncover this ancient society!

The Neolithic Revolution

In this post, we delve into the Neolithic Revolution, exploring its impact on human society and the transformative power of agriculture.

The Sicarii

In this post, we delve into the origins, beliefs, and actions of the Sicarii, shedding light on their unique role in ancient Judaism.

Military Orders During the Crusades

Let's explore the the military orders during the Crusades! The Crusades wasn't just a clash of civilizations; it was a time of military orders

Crusader Strategy and Tactics

Several key factors influenced the Crusader strategy and tactics in Israel. Let's learn about their warfare and military tactics.

Hamas

Hamas has become a significant player in Palestinian politics and a key actor in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Guy of Lusignan

Guy of Lusignan, was a significant figure during the Crusades and had a crucial role in the history of the Crusader states in the Holy ...

Gladius

The Roman Gladius is one of the most iconic weapons in history, renowned for its efficiency, and role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.

Memorial for the Last of Kin

The Memorial for the Last of Kin, is a monument to the Israeli soldiers who were the last remaining members of their families.

Need help?